Top 100 SSC & Railway GK/GS MCQs: Most Repeated Questions with Detailed Explanations (2026 Edition)
Top 100 SSC & Railway GK/GS MCQs: Most Repeated Questions with Detailed Explanations (2026 Edition)
Q1. Which constitutional amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years in India?
(A) 44th Amendment Act, 1978
(B) 61st Amendment Act, 1988
(C) 73rd Amendment Act, 1992
(D) 86th Amendment Act, 2002
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 61st Amendment Act, 1988
The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act amended Article 326 to lower the voting age from 21 to 18 years, effective in 1989.
Q2. What is the chemical formula of Washing Soda?
(A) NaHCO₃
(B) Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
(C) Ca(OH)₂
(D) CaOCl₂
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
Washing soda is sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O). Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃).
Q3. Which cell organelle is known as the "Powerhouse of the Cell"?
(A) Ribosome
(B) Lysosome
(C) Mitochondria
(D) Golgi Apparatus
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Mitochondria
Mitochondria generate cellular energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) via aerobic respiration.
Q4. The Battle of Plassey was fought in which year?
(A) 1757
(B) 1764
(C) 1761
(D) 1857
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) 1757
The Battle of Plassey was fought on June 23, 1757, between the British East India Company (led by Robert Clive) and Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal.
Q5. Which Indian river is known as the "Dakshin Ganga"?
(A) Krishna
(B) Kaveri
(C) Godavari
(D) Mahanadi
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Godavari
Godavari is the longest river in peninsular India (1,465 km) and is known as Dakshin Ganga or Vridha Ganga.
Q6. What is the SI unit of electric potential difference?
(A) Ampere
(B) Watt
(C) Volt
(D) Joule
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Volt
Potential difference is measured in Volts (V), electric current in Amperes (A), power in Watts (W), and energy in Joules (J).
Q7. Who was the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly of India?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(C) Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected permanent President on December 11, 1946. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
Q8. Which gas is filled in incandescent light bulbs?
(A) Argon and Nitrogen
(B) Pure Oxygen
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Carbon Monoxide
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Argon and Nitrogen
Inert gases like Argon and Nitrogen prevent oxidation and evaporation of the tungsten filament under high heat.
Q9. Which blood group is known as the "Universal Donor"?
(A) AB Positive (AB+)
(B) O Negative (O-)
(C) AB Negative (AB-)
(D) O Positive (O+)
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) O Negative (O-)
O-negative red blood cells carry no A, B, or Rh surface antigens, preventing immune rejection in other blood types.
Q10. Who was the first Indian Governor-General of independent India?
(A) C. Rajagopalachari
(B) Lord Mountbatten
(C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(D) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) C. Rajagopalachari
C. Rajagopalachari served as the first and only Indian Governor-General (1948–1950) until the office was abolished.
Q11. What is the value of acceleration due to gravity (g) at the center of the Earth?
(A) 9.8 m/s²
(B) Zero
(C) Infinity
(D) 4.9 m/s²
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Zero
At the Earth's geometric center, mass is distributed symmetrically in all directions, causing net gravitational acceleration to be zero.
Q12. Which Article of the Indian Constitution abolishes Untouchability?
(A) Article 14
(B) Article 17
(C) Article 19
(D) Article 21
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Article 17
Article 17 explicitly abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form under Fundamental Rights (Part III).
Q13. Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin B1
(C) Vitamin C
(D) Vitamin D
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Vitamin C
Deficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) leads to Scurvy, causing bleeding gums, fragile capillaries, and delayed healing.
Q14. The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through which of the following states?
(A) Gujarat
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Odisha
(D) Tripura
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Odisha
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) crosses 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Q15. Who authored "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India"?
(A) Dadabhai Naoroji
(B) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(D) Romesh Chunder Dutt
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the 'Drain of Wealth Theory' detailing systematic colonial resource extraction in this book.
Q16. What is the pH value of pure water at 25°C?
(A) 0
(B) 7
(C) 14
(D) 5.6
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 7
Pure water is neutral at 25°C because hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions exist in equal concentrations (10⁻⁷ M), giving pH = 7.
Q17. Which lens is used to correct Myopia (near-sightedness)?
(A) Convex Lens
(B) Concave Lens
(C) Cylindrical Lens
(D) Bifocal Lens
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Concave Lens
In myopia, incoming light focuses in front of the retina. A diverging (concave) lens diverges rays to focus accurately on the retina.
Q18. Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress?
(A) Sarojini Naidu
(B) Annie Besant
(C) Sucheta Kripalani
(D) Aruna Asaf Ali
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Annie Besant
Annie Besant presided over the 1917 Calcutta session. Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President (Kanpur session, 1925).
Q19. Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
(A) Ammeter
(B) Hygrometer
(C) Barometer
(D) Galvanometer
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Barometer
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. A hygrometer measures humidity, and an ammeter measures current.
Q20. Which Part of the Indian Constitution deals with the Panchayati Raj System?
(A) Part III
(B) Part IV
(C) Part IX
(D) Part IX-A
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Part IX
Part IX (Articles 243 to 243-O) and the 11th Schedule were added by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
Q21. Which is the highest mountain peak in Peninsular South India?
(A) Doddabetta
(B) Anamudi
(C) Guru Shikhar
(D) Kalsubai
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Anamudi
Anamudi (2,695 m) in the Anamalai Hills of Kerala is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and Peninsular India.
Q22. What is the common name of Sodium Bicarbonate?
(A) Bleaching Powder
(B) Baking Soda
(C) Caustic Soda
(D) Plaster of Paris
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Baking Soda
NaHCO₃ is baking soda. Caustic soda is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and Bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite (CaOCl₂).
Q23. Which metal remains in liquid state at standard room temperature?
(A) Sodium
(B) Mercury
(C) Bromine
(D) Lead
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Mercury
Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Bromine (Br) is a liquid non-metal.
Q24. Who was widely known as "Frontier Gandhi"?
(A) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(B) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(C) Liaquat Ali Khan
(D) Saifuddin Kitchlew
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Badshah Khan) led the non-violent Khudai Khidmatgar (Red Shirts) movement in the NWFP.
Q25. Which Article was termed the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution" by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar?
(A) Article 14
(B) Article 19
(C) Article 32
(D) Article 21
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Article 32
Article 32 guarantees the Right to Constitutional Remedies, allowing citizens to approach the Supreme Court for writ enforcement.
Q26. What is the main constituent of natural gas and biogas?
(A) Propane
(B) Butane
(C) Methane
(D) Ethane
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Methane
Methane (CH₄) accounts for 70–90% of natural gas and 50–75% of biogas produced via anaerobic digestion.
Q27. The World's largest delta, the Sundarbans Delta, is formed by which river system?
(A) Ganga and Brahmaputra
(B) Indus and Jhelum
(C) Godavari and Krishna
(D) Narmada and Tapi
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Ganga and Brahmaputra
The Sundarbans delta is formed by the confluence of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers entering the Bay of Bengal.
Q28. Which hormone controls the "Fight or Flight" response?
(A) Insulin
(B) Thyroxine
(C) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
(D) Estrogen
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Adrenaline, secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory output during acute stress.
Q29. In which year was the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) nationalized?
(A) 1935
(B) 1947
(C) 1949
(D) 1950
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) 1949
The RBI was established on April 1, 1935, under the RBI Act, 1934, and was nationalized on January 1, 1949.
Q30. Which metal has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals?
(A) Copper
(B) Silver
(C) Gold
(D) Aluminium
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Silver
Silver (Ag) has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity, followed closely by copper (Cu) and gold (Au).
Q31. Which Emperor assumed the title of "Devanampiya Piyadassi"?
(A) Chandragupta Maurya
(B) Ashoka
(C) Kanishka
(D) Samudragupta
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Ashoka
Ashokan rock edicts and pillar inscriptions frequently refer to the Mauryan Emperor as "Devanampiya Piyadassi" (Beloved of the Gods).
Q32. Sound waves cannot travel through which of the following media?
(A) Solids
(B) Liquids
(C) Gases
(D) Vacuum
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Vacuum
Sound is a mechanical longitudinal wave that requires a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.
Q33. Who introduced the "Doctrine of Lapse" policy in British India?
(A) Lord Wellesley
(B) Lord Dalhousie
(C) Lord Canning
(D) Lord Cornwallis
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Lord Dalhousie
Lord Dalhousie (Governor-General 1848–1856) used the Doctrine of Lapse to annex Satara, Sambalpur, Jhansi, and Nagpur.
Q34. What is the chemical name of Vitamin B1?
(A) Riboflavin
(B) Thiamine
(C) Niacin
(D) Pyridoxine
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Thiamine
Vitamin B1 is Thiamine. Its chronic deficiency leads to Beriberi. Riboflavin is B2, and Niacin is B3.
Q35. What is the minimum age required to become a member of the Rajya Sabha?
(A) 21 years
(B) 25 years
(C) 30 years
(D) 35 years
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) 30 years
Under Article 84 of the Constitution, the minimum age is 30 years for Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and 25 years for Lok Sabha.
Q36. Which strait separates India from Sri Lanka?
(A) Malacca Strait
(B) Palk Strait
(C) Sunda Strait
(D) Bering Strait
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Palk Strait
The Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar lie between Tamil Nadu (India) and the Mannar district of Sri Lanka.
Q37. What is the phenomenon responsible for the twinkling of stars in the night sky?
(A) Atmospheric Reflection
(B) Atmospheric Refraction
(C) Total Internal Reflection
(D) Dispersion of Light
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Atmospheric Refraction
Starlight continuously refracts through atmospheric layers of varying temperatures and optical densities, causing fluctuation in observed position and brightness.
Q38. Who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875?
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(D) Jyotirao Phule
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in Bombay with the slogan "Go Back to the Vedas" and authored "Satyarth Prakash".
Q39. What is the primary functional and structural unit of the human kidney?
(A) Neuron
(B) Nephron
(C) Alveoli
(D) Hepatocyte
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Nephron
Each human kidney contains roughly 1 million nephrons that filter waste from blood to produce urine.
Q40. Which gas causes the foul smell in rotten eggs?
(A) Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)
(B) Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)
(C) Ammonia (NH₃)
(D) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a colorless gas with a characteristic rotten egg odor, produced by bacterial decomposition of organic sulfur compounds.
Q41. Who is known as the "Father of the Indian Constitution"?
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(D) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar served as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly.
Q42. In which year was the First Battle of Panipat fought?
(A) 1526
(B) 1556
(C) 1761
(D) 1530
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) 1526
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi on April 21, 1526, laying the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India.
Q43. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the Ozone Layer that absorbs harmful UV rays?
(A) Troposphere
(B) Stratosphere
(C) Mesosphere
(D) Ionosphere
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Stratosphere
The ozonosphere resides primarily in the lower stratosphere (15–35 km altitude) and filters solar ultraviolet (UV-B/C) radiation.
Q44. What is the value of absolute zero temperature on the Celsius scale?
(A) 0°C
(B) -273.15°C
(C) -100°C
(D) -373.15°C
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) -273.15°C
Absolute zero (0 Kelvin) corresponds to -273.15°C, where all fundamental thermodynamic molecular motion ceases.
Q45. Which instrument is used to measure electrical current in an electrical circuit?
(A) Voltmeter
(B) Ammeter
(C) Galvanometer
(D) Potentiometer
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Ammeter
An ammeter has low resistance and is connected in series with a circuit branch to measure electrical current.
Q46. Which fundamental right cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency (Article 352)?
(A) Articles 14 and 19
(B) Articles 20 and 21
(C) Articles 21 and 22
(D) Articles 19 and 20
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Articles 20 and 21
Following the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978, Articles 20 (protection against conviction) and 21 (right to life and personal liberty) remain non-suspendable.
Q47. What is the process of conversion of solid directly into vapour without turning into liquid?
(A) Evaporation
(B) Condensation
(C) Sublimation
(D) Deposition
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Sublimation
Sublimation occurs in substances like Camphor, Naphthalene, Ammonium Chloride, and Dry Ice (solid CO₂) when heated.
Q48. Which is the largest freshwater lake in India?
(A) Chilika Lake
(B) Wular Lake
(C) Loktak Lake
(D) Sambhar Lake
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Wular Lake
Wular Lake in Jammu and Kashmir, fed by the Jhelum River, is the largest natural freshwater lake in India. Chilika is the largest brackish water lake.
Q49. Who gave the call "Do or Die" (Karo ya Maro) during the Indian Freedom Movement?
(A) Subhas Chandra Bose
(B) Mahatma Gandhi
(C) Bhagat Singh
(D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi delivered the "Do or Die" speech at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay, launching the Quit India Movement in August 1942.
Q50. Which gland in the human body is referred to as the "Master Gland"?
(A) Thyroid Gland
(B) Adrenal Gland
(C) Pituitary Gland
(D) Pineal Gland
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones (such as TSH, ACTH, and GH) that regulate several other endocrine glands throughout the body.
Q51. What is the commercial unit of electrical energy?
(A) Joule
(B) Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
(C) Watt-second
(D) Ampere-hour
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
1 unit of electricity equals 1 kWh, which is equivalent to $3.6 \times 10^6\text{ Joules}$.
Q52. Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?
(A) Sukumar Sen
(B) T. N. Seshan
(C) K. V. K. Sundaram
(D) V. S. Ramadevi
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Sukumar Sen
Sukumar Sen served as the first Chief Election Commissioner from March 1950 to December 1958, conducting India's first general elections (1951–52).
Q53. What is the chemical formula of Marble / Limestone?
(A) CaO
(B) Ca(OH)₂
(C) CaCO₃
(D) CaSO₄
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) CaCO₃
Limestone, chalk, and marble are different physical polymorphs/forms of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃).
Q54. Which ruler built the Grand Trunk Road (GT Road)?
(A) Akbar
(B) Sher Shah Suri
(C) Shah Jahan
(D) Alauddin Khalji
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah Suri rebuilt and extended the ancient Uttarapatha road from Sonargaon (Bengal) to Peshawar, known as Sadak-e-Azam (GT Road).
Q55. Kaziranga National Park in Assam is famous for which endangered animal?
(A) Bengal Tiger
(B) Asiatic Lion
(C) One-Horned Rhinoceros
(D) Snow Leopard
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) One-Horned Rhinoceros
Kaziranga National Park holds two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceros population and is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Q56. What type of mirror is used as a rear-view mirror in automobiles?
(A) Concave Mirror
(B) Convex Mirror
(C) Plane Mirror
(D) Cylindrical Mirror
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Convex Mirror
Convex mirrors produce upright, diminished virtual images and provide a wider field of view for drivers.
Q57. Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the "Financial Emergency"?
(A) Article 352
(B) Article 356
(C) Article 360
(D) Article 368
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Article 360
Article 352 deals with National Emergency, Article 356 with President's Rule, and Article 360 with Financial Emergency (which has never been invoked in India).
Q58. Which enzyme in human saliva begins the digestion of starch?
(A) Pepsin
(B) Trypsin
(C) Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
(D) Lipase
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes complex dietary starches into simpler disaccharide sugars (maltose) in the mouth cavity.
Q59. Who was the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi?
(A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(B) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(C) Dadabhai Naoroji
(D) Bipin Chandra Pal
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale guided Gandhi upon his return from South Africa in 1915, advising him to tour India and understand the people first.
Q60. Which Indian state has the longest coastline?
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Gujarat
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Gujarat
Gujarat has the longest coastline among Indian states (approx 1,600 km), followed by Andhra Pradesh.
Q61. What is the approximate speed of light in vacuum?
(A) 3 × 10⁸ m/s
(B) 3 × 10⁶ m/s
(C) 332 m/s
(D) 3 × 10¹⁰ m/s
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) 3 × 10⁸ m/s
The speed of light in vacuum ($c$) is exactly $299,792,458\text{ m/s}$, rounded to $3 \times 10^8\text{ m/s}$ ($300,000\text{ km/s}$).
Q62. What is the main cause of the "Minamata Disease"?
(A) Lead Poisoning
(B) Mercury Poisoning
(C) Cadmium Poisoning
(D) Arsenic Poisoning
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Mercury Poisoning
Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe methylmercury poisoning from contaminated fish. Cadmium causes Itai-itai disease.
Q63. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to which body at the Union level?
(A) The President
(B) The Rajya Sabha
(C) The Lok Sabha
(D) The Supreme Court
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) The Lok Sabha
According to Article 75(3) of the Constitution, the Union Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
Q64. In which year was the Non-Cooperation Movement launched?
(A) 1919
(B) 1920
(C) 1922
(D) 1930
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 1920
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched under Gandhi's leadership in 1920 and called off in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.
Q65. What is the primary ore used for extraction of Aluminium?
(A) Haematite
(B) Bauxite
(C) Galena
(D) Cinnabar
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Bauxite
Bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O) is the primary aluminium ore. Haematite is iron ore, Galena is lead ore, and Cinnabar is mercury ore.
Q66. What causes the blue color of the clear sky during daytime?
(A) Rayleigh Scattering of Light
(B) Dispersion of Light
(C) Total Internal Reflection
(D) Diffraction of Light
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Rayleigh Scattering of Light
Shorter wavelengths (blue and violet) are scattered much more strongly by atmospheric gas molecules than longer red wavelengths ($I \propto 1/\lambda^4$).
Q67. Who was the Viceroy when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919?
(A) Lord Curzon
(B) Lord Chelmsford
(C) Lord Hardinge II
(D) Lord Irwin
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Lord Chelmsford
Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India (1916–1921) when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar.
Q68. Which country shares the longest international land border with India?
(A) China
(B) Pakistan
(C) Bangladesh
(D) Nepal
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Bangladesh
India shares its longest land boundary with Bangladesh (4,096.7 km), followed by China (3,488 km) and Pakistan (3,323 km).
Q69. Which part of the brain regulates involuntary actions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure?
(A) Cerebrum
(B) Cerebellum
(C) Medulla Oblongata
(D) Hypothalamus
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Medulla Oblongata
The Medulla Oblongata forms the lower part of the brainstem and controls autonomic functions including respiration, heart rate, and digestion.
Q70. What is the chemical formula of Rust (hydrated iron oxide)?
(A) FeO
(B) Fe₂O₃ · xH₂O
(C) Fe₃O₄
(D) Fe(OH)₂
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Fe₂O₃ · xH₂O
Rust forms when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water/moisture, producing hydrated ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃·xH₂O).
Q71. Under which Article can the President of India declare National Emergency?
(A) Article 352
(B) Article 356
(C) Article 360
(D) Article 370
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Article 352
Article 352 permits the President to proclaim a National Emergency on grounds of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
Q72. Who was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty?
(A) Gautamiputra Satakarni
(B) Simuka
(C) Hala
(D) Vashishtiputra Pulumayi
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Simuka
Simuka founded the Satavahana dynasty in the Deccan region after the decline of the Mauryan Empire and Kanva dynasty.
Q73. What is the SI unit of Magnetic Flux?
(A) Tesla
(B) Weber
(C) Henry
(D) Gauss
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Weber
Magnetic flux is measured in Webers (Wb). Magnetic field strength/density is measured in Teslas (T). Inductance is measured in Henrys (H).
Q74. Which planet rotates from east to west (clockwise)?
(A) Earth and Mars
(B) Venus and Uranus
(C) Jupiter and Saturn
(D) Mercury and Neptune
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Venus and Uranus
Venus and Uranus exhibit retrograde rotation (spinning clockwise from east to west), opposite to most planets which rotate prograde (west to east).
Q75. Night blindness (Nyctalopia) is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
(A) Vitamin A (Retinol)
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Vitamin A (Retinol)
Vitamin A is required for the production of rhodopsin, the visual pigment in retinal rods responsible for vision in low light.
Q76. Which state is the leading producer of coffee in India?
(A) Kerala
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Karnataka
Karnataka produces over 70% of India's total coffee output, centered in the Kodagu (Coorg), Chikkamagaluru, and Hassan districts.
Q77. What is the chemical formula of Dry Ice?
(A) Solid H₂O
(B) Solid CO₂
(C) Solid N₂O
(D) Solid SO₂
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Solid CO₂
Dry ice is the solid state of carbon dioxide (CO₂) that sublimates directly into gas at -78.5°C (-109.3°F).
Q78. In which year was the Indian National Congress (INC) founded?
(A) 1885
(B) 1857
(C) 1905
(D) 1892
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) 1885
The INC was established in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay, by retired civil servant A. O. Hume.
Q79. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
(A) Pulmonary Artery
(B) Pulmonary Vein
(C) Vena Cava
(D) Hepatic Artery
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart's left atrium. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Q80. Which Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the list of recognized languages?
(A) 7th Schedule
(B) 8th Schedule
(C) 9th Schedule
(D) 10th Schedule
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 8th Schedule
The 8th Schedule lists 22 officially recognized languages of the Republic of India (Articles 344(1) and 351).
Q81. What is the critical angle for total internal reflection in a diamond-air interface?
(A) 48.7°
(B) 24.4°
(C) 42.0°
(D) 90.0°
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 24.4°
Diamond has a high refractive index (~2.42), which creates a small critical angle of ~24.4°, leading to multiple total internal reflections that produce its brilliance.
Q82. Who presided over the famous Lahore Session of INC in 1929 where "Purna Swaraj" was declared?
(A) Motilal Nehru
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) Subhas Chandra Bose
(D) Vallabhbhai Patel
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the historic December 1929 Lahore session, where the resolution for complete independence (Purna Swaraj) was passed.
Q83. Which acid is present in ant stings?
(A) Acetic acid
(B) Methanoic acid (Formic acid)
(C) Tartaric acid
(D) Oxalic acid
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Methanoic acid (Formic acid)
Ant stings inject Methanoic acid (HCOOH), causing localized burning and swelling, which can be neutralized by weak bases like baking soda or calamine.
Q84. What is the tenure of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India?
(A) 5 years or 62 years of age
(B) 6 years or 65 years of age
(C) 5 years or 65 years of age
(D) 6 years or 62 years of age
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 6 years or 65 years of age
Under Article 148, the CAG holds office for a term of 6 years or until reaching 65 years of age, whichever occurs first.
Q85. Which metal is extracted from Cinnabar ore?
(A) Copper
(B) Lead
(C) Mercury
(D) Zinc
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Mercury
Cinnabar is Mercuric Sulfide (HgS), the primary ore used for the industrial extraction of Mercury.
Q86. Where is the headquarter of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) located?
(A) Geneva, Switzerland
(B) The Hague, Netherlands
(C) New York, USA
(D) Vienna, Austria
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) The Hague, Netherlands
The International Court of Justice is seated at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.
Q87. Which blood cells act as the body's defense mechanism against infections?
(A) Erythrocytes (RBC)
(B) Leukocytes (WBC)
(C) Thrombocytes (Platelets)
(D) Plasma proteins
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Leukocytes (WBC)
White Blood Cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, etc.) form the core of the immune system to combat pathogens.
Q88. Which Indian city is known as the "Silicon Valley of India"?
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Pune
(C) Bengaluru
(D) Gurugram
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Bengaluru
Bengaluru earned the title due to its status as the nation's leading information technology exporter and tech hub.
Q89. Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to establish a permanent standing army?
(A) Iltutmish
(B) Balban
(C) Alauddin Khalji
(D) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Alauddin Khalji
Alauddin Khalji created a central standing army paid directly in cash, and instituted the Dagh (branding of horses) and Chehra (descriptive roll) systems.
Q90. What is the process of coating iron with a layer of zinc to prevent corrosion?
(A) Electroplating
(B) Galvanization
(C) Anodizing
(D) Annealing
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Galvanization
Galvanization applies a sacrificial zinc barrier coating that oxidizes preferentially to protect underlying iron surfaces.
Q91. What is the maximum strength of members in the Lok Sabha permitted by the Constitution?
(A) 545
(B) 550
(C) 552
(D) 530
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 550
Following the 104th Amendment Act, 2019 (which discontinued Anglo-Indian nominations), the maximum constitutional strength is 550 (up to 530 for States and 20 for UTs).
Q92. Which gas is used as an anesthetic under the name "Laughing Gas"?
(A) Nitric oxide (NO)
(B) Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
(C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)
(D) Dinitrogen trioxide (N₂O₃)
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) provides mild analgesic and euphoric effects, making it a common anesthetic in dental and minor surgical procedures.
Q93. Which National Park in India was the first to be established (in 1936)?
(A) Kanha National Park
(B) Jim Corbett National Park
(C) Kaziranga National Park
(D) Gir National Park
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Jim Corbett National Park
Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.
Q94. Who founded the forward bloc party in 1939?
(A) Subhas Chandra Bose
(B) Rash Behari Bose
(C) Chittaranjan Das
(D) Lala Lajpat Rai
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose founded the All India Forward Bloc in 1939 following ideological differences and his resignation from the Congress Presidency.
Q95. What is the SI unit of Luminous Intensity?
(A) Lumen
(B) Candela
(C) Lux
(D) Dioptre
View Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Candela
Candela (cd) is the base SI unit of luminous intensity. Lumen is the unit of luminous flux, and Lux is illuminance.
Q96. Which gland regulates basal metabolic rate in humans?
